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Fellowship Committee
American Psychoanalytic Association
Highlights of the Psychoanalytic Literature:

Prepared by Robin Renders, Ph.D. and Lisa Mellman, M.D.
This reading list was prepared by members of the Fellowship Committee of the American
Psychoanalytic Association for use by APsaA fellowship applicants, mentors, non-analyst colleagues,
clinicians and teachers.
The list is a work in progress, and not meant to be definitive. Although the reading list is
not comprehensive, it introduces the reader to a broad range of readings in classic and
contemporary psychoanalysis.

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Fellowship Reading List
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

I. Psychoanalytic Theory (I)

A. History …………………………………………………………………………. 3
B. Biography ………………………………………………………………………3

II. Psychoanalytic Theory (II)

A. General Reference…………. …………………………………………………...4
B. Theoretical Perspectives ………………………………………………………4
C. Freudian Theory ……………………………………………………………… ...4
D. Drive Theory ……………………………………………………………………4
E. Ego Psychology ………………………………………………………………….5
F. British Object Relations Theory …………………………………………………5
G. American Object Relations Theory ……………………………………………...6
H. Neo-Kleinians ……………………………………………………………………6
I. Attachment Theory ………………………………………………………………6
J. Self Psychology ………………………………………………………………….6
K. Other Theories …………………………………………………………………...7

III. Essential Concepts

A. Seduction Theory ………………………………………………………………...7
B. Trauma Theory ………………………………………………………………… . 7
C. Oedipal Complex …………………………………………………………………7
D. The Unconscious …………………………………………………… …………8
E. Affect ……………………………………………………………………………..8
F. Aggression ………………………………………………………………………..8
G. Mental Representation/Unconscious Fantasy……………… ……………………9

IV. Theory of Psychoanalytic Technique

A. General References …………………………………………………………….…9
B. Psychoanalytic Process …………………………………………………………...9
C. Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy.………………………………10
D. The Psychoanalytic Situation……………………………………………………...10
E. Therapeutic Action……………………………………………………………… 10
F. Transference, Countertransference ………………………………………………..10

V. Development….. ………………………………………………………………………11

A. General Reference …………………………………………………………………11
B. Developmental Concepts …………………………………………………………..11
C. Developmental Psychopathology…………………………………………………..12

VI. Psychopathology

A. General Reference …………………………………………………………………12
B. Concepts of Character ……………………………………………………………..13
C. Defense and Adaptation…………………………………………………………….13
D. Anxiety, Depression, and Personality Disorder ……………………………………13
E. Psychoses …………………………………………………………………………..14

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VII. Gender & Sexuality …………………………………………………………………….14
VIII. Family, Group, & Community………………………………………………………….15

IX. Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience ……………………………………….15

A. Emotion ……………………………………………………………………………...15
B. Cognition, Memory, Perception, Learning. ………………………………………….15
C. The Unconcscious………………………………………………………….………..16
D. Cognitive Models: Representation…………………………………………………...16

X. Philosophy of Science/Hermeneutics .....16

XI. Research
A. Methodology ……………………………………………………………………......17
B. Studies ………………………………………………………………………………18

Appendices
A. Sigmund Freud – short list of critical papers …………………………………….....19
B. Abbreviated list of Psychoanalytic papers …………………………………………20

Reference for Sigmund Freud:
SE = Standard Edition of the complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
Reference abbreviations for journals:
IJP = International Journal of Psychoanalysis
IRP = International Review of Psychoanalysis
JAPA = Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
PI = Psychoanalytic Inquiry
PQ = Psychoanalytic Quarterly
PSoCh = Psychoanalytic Study of the Child

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I. Psychoanalytic Theory
A. History
1. Bergmann, M.S. (1993). Reflections on the history of psychoanalysis. JAPA, 41,
929-955.
2. Boring, E.G. (1920). A History of Experimental Psychology. (3rd Edition, 1957).
New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
3. Decker, H.S. (1977). Freud in Germany: Revolution and reaction in science 1893-
1907. Psychological Issues, XI, Monograph 41.
4. Decker, H.S. (1991). Freud, Dora, and Vienna 1900. New York: The Free Press.
5. Ellenberger, H.F. (1957). The unconscious before Freud. Bulletin of the Menninger
Clinic, 21, 3-15.
6. Grosskurth, P. (1991). The Secret Ring: Freud’s Inner Circle and the Politics of
Psychoanalysis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
7. King, P. & Steiner, R. (Eds.) (1991). The Freud-Klein Controversies 1941-1945.
London: Routledge.
8. Roazen, P. (1975). Freud and His Followers. New York: Knopf.
9. Shakow, D. & Rapaport, D. (1964). The Influence of Freud in American psychology.
Psychological Issues. Monograph 13. New York: IUP.
B. Biography
1. Gay, P. (1988). Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
2. Grosskurth, P. (1986). Melanie Klein. New York: Knopf.
3. Holmes, J. (1993). John Bowlby and Attachment Theory. London: Routledge.
4. Jones, E. (1953). The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud. Volumes I, II, III.
Basic Books, Inc.
5. Jung, C.G. (1961). Memories, Dreams, and Reflections. New York:
Random House.
6. Lieberman, E.J. (1985). Acts of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank.
New York: The Free Press.
7. Phillips, A. (1988). Winnicott. London: Free Association.
8. Roazen, P. (1985). Helene Deutsch. New York. Anchor Press, Doubleday.
9. Stepansky, P.E. (1988). The Memoirs of Margaret S. Mahler. New
York: Free Press.
10. Strozier, C.B. (2001). Heinz Kohut: The Making of a Psychoanalyst. NY:
Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
11. Young-Bruehl, E. (1988). Anna Freud. New York: Summit Books.

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II. Psychoanalytic Theory (II)
A. General Reference Books
1. Hinshelwood, R.D. (1989). A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought. London: Free
Association Books.
2. LaPlanche, J. & Pontalis, J-B. (1967). The Language of Psychoanalysis. New
York: W.W. Norton & Co.
3. Moore, B.E. & Fine, B.D. (1990). Psychoanalytic Terms & Concepts.
American Psychoanalytic Association.
4. Rycroft, C. (1968). A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic
Books.
B. Theoretical Perspectives
1. Brenner, C. (2002). Conflict, compromise formation and structural theory. PQ,
71, 397-417.
2. Kernberg, O.F. (1993). Convergences and divergences in contemporary
psychoanalytic technique. IJP, 74, 659-673.
3. Gill, M.M. (1976). Metapsychology is not psychology. Psychological Issues,
Monograph 53, Vol. 1, 71-105. New York: IUP.
4. Pine, F. (1990). Drive, Ego, Object, and Self: A Synthesis for Clinical Work.
NY: Basic Books.
5. Wallerstein, R.S. (1990). Psychoanalysis: The common ground. IJP, 74,
659-673.

C. Freud
See Appendix A for list of Freud’s critical writings.
1. Anzieu, D. (1986). Freud’s Self- analysis. P.Graham (Trans.) London: Hogarth
Press.
2. Holt, R.R. (1989). Freud Reappraised. New York: Guilford Press.
3. Masson, JM (Ed.) (1985). The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm
Fliess 1887-1904. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press.
4. Sandler, J., Holder, A., Dare, C., & Dreher, A.H. (1999). Freud’s Models of the
Mind: An Introduction. London: Karnac Books.
5. Sandler, J., Person, E.S., Fonagy, P. (Eds.) (1991). Freud’s “On Narcissism: An
Introduction.” New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
6. Sulloway, F.J. (1992). Freud: Biologist of the Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.

D. Classical Drive Theory and Extensions
1. Abraham, K. (1924). A short study of the development of the libido, viewed in
the light of mental disorders. In Selected Papers of Karl Abraham. London:
Hogarth (1927).
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2. Bibring, E. (1941). The development and problems of the theory of the
instincts. IJP, 22, 102-131.
3. Compton, A. (1983). Status of psychoanalytic theory of instinctual drives: I, II.
PQ, 50, 190-223.
4. Kernberg, O.F. (1992). New perspectives on drive theory. In Aggression in
Personality Disorders and Perversions. New Haven & London:Yale Univ. Press.
3-20.
5. Loewald, H. (1971). On motivation and instinct theory. PSoCh, 26, 91-128.
6. Peskin, M. (1997). Drive theory revisited. PQ, 66, 377-402.
7. Spruiell, V. (1988). The indivisibility of Freudian object relations and drive
theories. PQ, 57, 597-625.

E. Ego Psychology

1. Brenner, C. (1982). The Mind in Conflict. New York: IUP.
2. Erikson, E (1946). Ego development and historical change: clinical notes.
PSoCh, 2, 359-395.
3. Freud, A. (1936). The Writings of Anna Freud. Volume II: The Ego and the
Mechanisms of Defense. New York: IUP.
4. Hartmann, H. (1958). Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation. New
York: IUP.
5. Marcus, E.R. (1999). Modern ego psychology. JAPA, 47, 843-871.
6. Rapaport, D. (1960). The structure of psychoanalytic theory. Psychological
Issues, II, (2), Monograph 6.
7. Waelder, R. (1936). The principle of multiple functioning: Observations on
over-determination. PQ, 5, 45-62.
8. Wallerstein, R.S. (2002). The growth and transformation of American ego
psychology. JAPA, 50, 135-169.

F. British Object Relations

1. Balint, M. (1968). The Basic Fault: Therapeutic Aspects of Regression.
London: Tavistock.
2. Bion, W.R. (1959). Attacks on Linking. IJP, 40, 308-315.
3. Fairbairn, W.R.D. (1963). Synopsis of an object-relations theory of the
personality. IJP, 44, 224 – 225.
4. Isaacs, S. (1948). The nature and function of fantasy. IJP, 29, 73-97.
5. Klein, M. (1957). Envy and Gratitude. London: Tavistock.
6. Klein, M., Heimann, P., Isaacs, S., & Riviere, J. (Eds.) (1952). Developments
in Psycho-analysis. London: Hogarth Press.
7. Scharff, D.E. & Birtles, E.I. (Eds.) (1994). From Instinct to Self: Selected
Papers of W.R. D. Fairbairn. Vol. I & II. Northvale, NJ: London: Jason
Aronson.
8. Sutherland, D. (1980). The British object relations theorists: Balint, Winnicott,
Fairbairn, Guntrip. JAPA, 28, 829-860.
9. Winnicott, D.D.W. (1963). The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating
Environment. London: Hogarth.
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G. American Object Relations

1. Jacobson, E. (1954). The self and object world: vicissitudes of their infantile
cathexes and their influence on ideational and affective development. PSoCh, 9,
75-127.
2. Kernberg, O.F. (1980). Internal World and External Reality: Object Relations
Theory Applied. New York: Aronson.
3. Mahler, M.S. (1972). On the first three subphases of the separation-individuation
process. IJP, 53, 333-338.
4. Ogden, T. (1983). The concept of internal object relations. IJP, 64, 181-198.
5. Volkan, V. (1976). Primitive Internalized Object Relations. New York: IUP.

H. Neo-Kleinians

1. Feldman, M. & Spillius, E.B. (Eds.) (1989). Psychic Equilibrium
and Psychic Change: Selected Papers of Betty Joseph. London: Routledge.
2. Schafer, R. (1994). The contemporary Kleinians of London. PQ, LXIII,
409-432.
3. Spillius, E.B. (1994). Developments in Kleinian thought: Overview and
personal view. PI, 14, 324-364.

I. Attachment Theory

1. Ainsworth, M.D., Blehar, M.P., Water, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of
Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale: JVJ.
2. Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary
Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology, 28, 759-775.
3. Bowlby, J. (1958). The nature of the child’s tie to his mother. IJP, 39, 350-373.
4. Main, M. (1993). Discourse, prediction, and recent studies in attachment:
implications for psychoanalysis. JAPA, 41, 209-244.
J. Self Psychology
1. Kohut, H. (1959). Introspection, empathy and psychoanalysis. JAPA, 7, 459-483.
2. Kohut, H. (1971). The Analysis of the Self. PSoCh, Monograph #4. IUP: New York.
3. Kohut, H. & Wolf, E.S. (1978). The disorders of the self and their treatment: An
outline. JAPA, 59, 413-425.
4. Lichtenberg, J.D. & Wolf, E. (1997). General principles of self psychology: A
position statement. JAPA, 45, 531
5. Loewald, H.W. (1973). Review of The Analysis of the Self by Heinz Kohut. PQ, 42,
441-457.
6. Rangell, L. (1982). The self in psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 30, 863-891.
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K. Other Theories
1. Dunn, J. (1995). Intersubjectivity in psychoanalysis: A critical review. IJP, 76,
723-738.
2. Greenberg, J. (2001). The analyst’s participation: A new look. JAPA, 49, 359-381.
3. Lacan, J. (1977). Ecrits. New York: WW Norton.
4. Mitchell, S.A. & Aron, L. (1999). Relational Psychoanalysis: The Emergence
of a Tradition. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
5. Muller, J.P. & Richardson, W.J. (1994). Lacan and Language: A Reader’s
Guide to “Ecrits.” Madison, CT: IUP.
6. Schafer, R. (1992). Retelling a Life: Narration and Dialogue in Psychoanalysis. NY:
Basic Books.

III. Essential Concepts

A. Seduction Theory
1. Blass, R.B. & Simon, B. (1994). The value of the historical perspective to
contemporary psychoanalysis: Freud’s “Seduction Hypothesis.” IJP, 75,
677-694.
2. Halberstadt-Freud, H.C. (1996). Studies on hysteria. One hundred years on: A
century of psychoanalysis. IJP, 77, 983-994.
3. Simon, B. (1992). “Incest—see under Oedipus complex”: The history of an error in
psychoanalysis. JAPA, 40, 955-988.
4. Schimek, J. (1987). Fact and fantasy in the seduction theory: A historical review.
JAPA, 35, 937-965.

B. Trauma Theory
1. Balint, M. (1969). Trauma and object relationship. IJP, 50, 429-435.
2. Brenneis, C.B. (1994). Belief and suggestion in the recovery of memories of
childhood sexual abuse. JAPA, 42, 1027-1053.
3. Esman, A.H. (1983). The “stimulus barrier.” PSoCh, 38, 193-207.
4. Furst, S. (Ed.). (1967). Psychic Trauma. New York: Basic Books.
5. Good, M. (1998). Screen reconstructions: Traumatic memory, conviction, and the
problem of verification. JAPA, 46, 149-183.
6. Khan, M. M. R. (1963). The concept of cumulative trauma. PSCh, 18, 286-306.
7. Krystal, H. (1975). Trauma and affects. PSoCh, 33, 81-116.

C. The Oedipal Complex
1. Abrams, S. (1984). Fantasy and reality in the Oedipal phase. PSoCh, 39, 83-100.
2. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1986). The archaic matrix of the Oedipus complex. In
Sexuality and Mind. NY: NYU Press.
3. Freud, S. (1924). The dissolution of the Oedipus complex. SE 19,173-179.
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4. Klein, M. (1945). The Oedipus complex in the light of early anxieties. In
Contributions to Psycho-Analysis, 1921-1945. London: Hogarth, 1948, 339-390.
5. Loewald, H. (1979). The waning of the Oedipus complex. JAPA, 27, 751-775.
6. Loewald, H. (1985). Oedipus complex and development of the self. PQ, 54, 435-443.
7. Mahon, E.J. (1991). The “dissolution” of the Oedipus complex: A neglected
cognitive factor. PQ, 60, 628-634.
8. Ross, J.M. (1995). King Oedipus and the postmodernist psychoanalyst. JAPA, 43,
553-571.
9. Simon, B. (1991). Is the Oedipus complex still the cornerstone of psychoanalysis?
JAPA, 39, 641-668.

D. The Unconscious
1. Eagle, M.N. (1987). The psychoanalytic and the cognitive unconscious. In R.
Stern (Ed.) Theories of the Unconscious and Theories of the Self. Hillsdale, NJ:
Analytic Press. 155-189.
2. Piaget, J. (1973). The affective unconscious and the cognitive unconscious. JAPA,
21, 249-261.
3. Sandler, J. & Sandler, A-M. (1994). The past unconscious and the present
unconscious. PsoCh, 49, 278-292.
4. Westen, D. (1999). The scientific status of unconscious processes: Is Freud really
dead? JAPA, 47, 1061-1106.

E. Affect
1. Green, A. (1999). Affect in Freud’s work. In A. Green. The Fabric of Affect in the
Psychoanalytic Discourse. London: Routledge. 13-72.
2. Jacobson, E. (1957). Normal and pathological moods: their nature and functions.
PSoCh, 12, 73-126.
3. Rapaport, D. (1953). On the psychoanalytic theory of affects. IJP, 34, 177-198.
4. Schafer, R. (1964). The clinical analysis of affects. JAPA, 12, 129-174.
5. Stern, D.N. (1988). Affect in the context of the infant’s lived experience: Some
considerations. IJP, 669, 233-238.

F. Aggression
1. Galenson, E. (1986). Some thoughts about infant psychopathology and aggressive
development. IRP, 13, 349-354.
2. Mayes, L. & Cohen, D. (1993). The social matrix of aggression: enactments and
representations of loving and hating in the first years of life. PSoCh, 48, 145-169.
3. Parens, H. (1992). A view of the development of hostility in early life. JAPA, 39,
Supp. 75-108.
4. Stepansky, P.E. (1977). A history of aggression in Freud. Psychological Issues,
Monograph #39, NY: IUP.
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G. Mental Representation/Unconscious Fantasy
1. Arlow, J. (1969). Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of conscious experience.
PQ, 38, 1-27.
2. Beebe, B. (1994). Representation and internalization in infancy: three principles of
salience. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 11, 127-165.
3. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. (1970). The concept of mental representation in
psychoanalysis. IJP, 51, 1-9.
4. Fonagy, P. & Target, M. (1996). Playing with reality: I. Theory of mind and the
normal development of psychic reality. IJP, 77, 217-233.
5. Meissner, W.W. (1979). Internalization in the psychoanalytic process Psychological
Issues. Monograph 50. New York: IUP.
6. Sandler, J. & Rosenblatt, R. (1962). The concept of the representational world.
PSoCh, 17, 128-145.
7. Schafer, R. (1968). Aspects of Internalization. New York.: IUP.

IV. Theory of Psychoanalytic Technique
A. General Reference
1. Etchegoyan, R.H. (1991). The Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Technique. Karnac:
London.
2. Fenichel, O. (1941). Problems of Psychoanalytic Technique. New York:
Psychoanalytic Quarterly.
3. Freud, S. (1911-1915). Papers on technique. SE XII. London: Hogarth Press:
4. Sandler, J., Dare, C. & Holder, A. (1992). The Patient and the Analyst. London:
Karnac.
5. Schafer, R. (1983). The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books.

B. Psychoanalytic Process
1. Blum, H.P. (1976). The changing use of dreams in psychoanalytic practice: dreams
and free association. IJP, 57, 315-324.
2. Boesky, D. (1990). The psychoanalytic process and its components. PQ, 59,
550-589.
3. Busch, F. (1994). Some ambiguities on the method of free association and their
implications for technique. JAPA, 42, 363-384.
4. Erikson, E. (1954). The dream specimen of psychoanalysis. JAPA, 2, 5-26.
5. Freud, S. (1937). Constructions in analysis. SE XXIII, 255-269.
6. Gabbard, G.O. & Lester, E.P. (1995). Boundaries and Boundary Violations in
Psychoanalysis. NY: Basic Books.
7. Kris, A. (1982). Free Association: Method and Process . New Haven, Ct: Yale
Univ. Press.
8. Rangell, L. (1968). The psychoanalytic process. IJP, 49, 19-26.
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C. Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
1. Gill, M. (1954). Psychoanalysis and exploratory psychotherapy. JAPA, 2, 771-797.
2. Kernberg, O.F. (1999). Psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychotherapy and
supportive psychotherapy: contemporary controversies. IJP, 80, 1075-1091.
3. Rangell, L. (1954). Similarities and Differences between Psychoanalysis and
Dynamic Psychotherapy. JAPA, 2, 734-744.
4. Rangell, L. (1981). Psychoanalysis and dynamic psychotherapy: Similarities and
differences twenty five years later. PQ, 20, 665-693.
5. Stone, L. (1954). The widening scope of indications for psychoanalysis. JAPA, 2.
6. Valenstein, A.F. (1979). The concept of “classical” psychoanalysis. JAPA, 27, Supp.
113-136.
7. Wallerstein, R. (1989). Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy: An historical
perspective. IJP, 70, 563-591.

D. The Psychoanalytic Situation
1. Adler, E. & Bachart, J. (1996). Free association and analytic neutrality: The basic
structure of the psychoanalytic situation. JAPA, 44, 1021-1047.
2. Beres, D. (1965). Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46, 53-63.
3. Spruiell, V. (1983). The rules and frame of the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 52, 1-33.
4. Stone, L. (1981). Noninterpretive elements in the psychoanalytic situation. JAPA,
29, 69-118.

E. Therapeutic Action and Aims
1. Fairbairn, W.R.D. (1958). On the nature and aims of psycho-analytical treatment.
IJP, 39, 374-385.
2. Fonagy, P. et al. (1993). The roles of mental representation and mental processes
in therapeutic action. PSoCh, 48, 9-48.
3. Gray, P. (1990). The nature of the therapeutic action in psychoanalysis. JAPA, 38,
1038-1098.
4. Loewald, H. (1960). On the therapeutic action of psycho-analysis. IJP, 41, 16-33.
5. Mayes, L.C. & Spence, D.P. (1994). Understanding therapeutic action in the analytic
situation: A second look at the developmental metaphor. JAPA, 42, 789-817.
6. Modell, A.H. (1976). “The Holding Environment” and the therapeutic action of
psychoanalysis. JAPA, 24, 285-308.
7. Strachey, J. (1934). The nature of the therapeutic action of psycho-analysis. IJP, 15,
127-159.

F. Transference and Countertransference

1. Bird, B. (1972). Notes on transference: universal phenomenon and the hardest part of
analysis. JAPA, 21, 267-302.
2. Esman, A. (Ed.) (1990). Essential Papers on Transference. New York: New York
University Press.
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3. Freud, S. (1912). The dynamics of transference. SE XII. 97-108.
4. Gabbard, G. (1995). Countertransference: The emerging common ground.
IJP, 76, 476-485.
5. Hinshelwood, R.D. (1999). Countertransference. IJP, 80, 797-818.
6. Klein, M. (1952). The origins of transference. IJP, 33, 433-438.
7. Racker, H. (1968). Transference and Countertransference. New York: IUP.
8. Spitz, R.A. (1956). Transference: the analytic setting and its prototype.
IJP, 37, 380-385.

V. Development

A. General Reference Books
1. Blos, P. (1962). On Adolescence. New York: The Free Press.
2. Freud, A. (1958). Adolescence. PSoCh, 13, 255-278.
3. Freud, A. (1965). Normality and Pathology in Childhood. Harmondsworth:
Penguin.
4. Greenspan, S.I. & Pollock, G.H. (Eds.) (1989). The Course of Life. Vol. I Infancy.
Madison, CT: IUP.
5. Greenspan, S.I. & Pollock, G.H. (Eds) (1989). The Course of Life. Vol. II Early
Childhood. Madison, Ct: IUP.
6. Mahler, M.S., Pine, F. & Bergman, A. (1975). The Psychological Birth of the Human
Infant. New York: Basic Books.
7. Nagera, H. (1966). Early Childhood Disturbances, the Infantile Neurosis, and the
Adulthood Disturbances: Problems of a Developmental Psychoanalytical
Psychology. New York: IUP.
8. Pine, F. (1985). Developmental Theory and Clinical Process. New Haven, CT: Yale
Univ. Press.
9. Spitz, R. A. (1963). The First Year of Life. New York: IUP.
10. Stern D. N. (1985). The Interpersonal World of the Infant. New York: Basic Books.

B. Developmental Concepts

1. Abrams, S. & Solnit, A. (1998). Coordinating developmental and psychoanalytic
processes: Conceptualizing technique. JAPA, 46, 85-103.
2. Ainsworth, M.D.S. (1969). Object relations, dependency and attachment: A
theoretical review of the infant-mother relationship. Child Development, 40,
969-1025.
3. Bates, J.E. (1980). The concept of difficult temperament. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly,
26, 299-319.
4. Beebe, B. Lachmann, F. (1988). The contribution of mother-infant mutual influence
to the origins of self- and object representations. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 5,
305-337.
5. Bornstein, B. (1951). On latency. PSoCh, 6, 279-285.
6. Emde, R.N. (1999). Moving ahead: Integrating influences of affective processes for
development and for psychoanalysis. IJP, 80, 317-339.
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7. Erikson, E. (1959). Identity and the life cycle. Psychological Issues, Monograph 1,
New York: IUP.
8. Fraiberg, S. (1969). Libidinal object constancy and mental representation. PSoCh, 24,
9-47.
9. Hauser, S.T. & Smith, H.F. (1991). The development and experience of affect in
adolescence. JAPA, Supp. 131-165.
10. Klein, M. (1952). Some theoretical conclusions regarding the emotional life of the
infant. In The Writings of Melanie Klein V. 3. London: Hogarth. 1975, 61-93.
11. Mayes, L.C. & Cohen, D.J. (1996). Children’s developing theory of mind. JAPA, 44,
117-142.
12. Neubauer, P. (1996) Current issues in psychoanalytic child development. PSCh, 51,
35-45.
13. Parens, H. (1980). An exploration of the relations of instinctual drives and the
symbiosis-separation-individuation process: Part 1: Drive motivation and psychic
development with special reference to aggression and beginning separationindividuation.
JAPA, 28, 89-114.
14. Spitz, R.A. (1946). The smiling response: a contribution to the genesis of social
relations. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 46, 57-125.
15. Tyson, P. (2002). The challenges of psychoanalytic developmental theory. JAPA, 50,
19-52.
16. Winnicott, D.D.W. (1953). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena: A study
of the first not-me possession. IJP, 34, 89-97.

C. Developmental Psychopathology
1. Bowlby, J. (1960). Grief and mourning in infancy and early childhood. PSoCh, 15,
9-52.
2. Bowlby, J. (1960). Separation anxiety. IJP, 41, 89-113.
3. Fonagy, P. (1993). Psychoanalytic and empirical approaches to developmental
psychopathology: An object relations perspective. JAPA, 41, (Supp). 245-260.
4. Fraiberg, S. (1982). Pathological defenses in infancy. PQ, 51, 612-635.
5. Hauser, S.T. & Safyer, A.W. (1995). The contributions of ego psychology to
developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D.J. Cohen (Eds.) Developmental
Psychopathology, V. I: Theory and Methods. Chapter 18. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
6. Spitz, R. (1946). Anaclitic depression: An inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric
conditions in early childhood. PsoCh, 2, 313-342.
VI. Psychopathology
A. General Reference Books
1. Fenichel, O. (1945). The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. New York:
W.W. Norton.
2. Glick, R.A. & Meyers, D.I. (1988). Masochism. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
3. Guntrip, H. (1969). Schizoid Phenomena, Object-Relations and the Self. NY: IUP.
4. Jacobson, E. (1971). Depression. New York: IUP.
14
5. Kernberg, O.F. (1979). Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism. New
York: Jason Aronson.
6. MacKinnon, R.A. & Michels, R. (1971). The Psychiatric Interview in Clinical
Practice. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Co.
7. Morrison, A.P. (1986). Essential Papers on Narcissism. NY: New York University
Press.
8. Shapiro, D. (1965). Neurotic Styles. New York: Basic Books.
9. Steiner, J. (1993). Psychic Retreats: Pathological Organizations in Psychotic,
Neurotic and Borderline Patients. London: Routledge.
10. Stone, M.H. (1986). Essential Papers on Borderline Disorders. NY: New York
University Press.

B. Concepts of Character
1. Baudry, F. (1989). Character, character type, and character organization. JAPA, 37,
655-686.
2. Freud, S. (1916). Some Character Types Met With In Psychoanalytic Work.
SE XIV. 309-336. Hogarth Press: London.
3. Kernberg, O.F. (1970). A psychoanalytic classification of character pathology.
JAPA, 18, 800-822.
4. Liebert, R.S. (1988). The Concept of Character. A Historical Review. In R.A. Glick
& D.I. Meyers (Eds.) Masochism. 27-42.
5. Schafer, R. (1979). Character, ego-syntonicity, and character change. JAPA, 27,
867-890.

C. Defense and Adaptation
1. Blum, H. (1994). The conceptual development of regression. PSCh, 49, 60-76.
2. Brenner, C. (1981). Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50, 557-569.
3. Cooper, S. (1989). Recent contributions to the theory of defense mechanisms: A
comparative view. JAPA, 37, 865-891.
4. Freud, A. See entry under Ego Psychology
5. Inderbitzen, L. & Levy, S. (1994). On grist for the mill: External reality as defense.
JAPA, 42, 763-788.
6. Sandler, J. (Ed) (1987). Projection, Identification, Projective Identification. Madison,
CT: IUP
7. Singer, J.L. (Ed.) (1990). Repression and Dissociation. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago
Press.

D. Anxiety, Depression, Personality Disorders
1. Blatt, S. (1998). Analytic understanding of depression. JAPA, 46, 732-752.
2. Bowlby, J. (1960). Grief and mourning in infancy and early childhood. PSCh, 15,
9-52.
3. Brenner, C. (1991). A psychoanalytic perspective on depression. JAPA, 39, 25-34.
4. Compton, A. (1980). A study of the psychoanalytic theory of anxiety: III. A
preliminary formulation of the anxiety response. JAPA, 28, 737-773.
15
5. Fonagy, P. (2000). Attachment and borderline personality disorder. JAPA, 48,
1129-1146.
6. Greenacre, P. (1941). The predisposition to anxiety. PQ, 10, 66-94; Part II, 610-638.
7. Kernberg, O.F. (1984). Severe Personality Disorders: Psychotherapeutic Strategies.
New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
8. Kohut, H. (1968). The psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders:
outline of a systematic approach. PSCh, 23, 86-113.
9. Reich, A. (1960). Pathologic forms of self-esteem regulation. PSCh, 15, 215-232.
10. Rosenfeld, H. (1964). On the psychopathology of narcissism: A clinical approach.
IJP, 45, 332-337.
11. Spitz. R. (1946). Anaclitic depression. PSoCh, 2, 314-342.
12. Winnicott, D.W. (1954). The depressive position in normal emotional development.
In Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis. New York: Basic Books. 262-325.

E. Psychoses
1. Bellak, L. et al. (1974). Ego Functions and Schizophrenics, Neurotics and Normals.
NY: Wiley.
2. Blatt, S.J. & Wild, C.M. (1976). Schizophrenia: A Developmental Analysis. New
York: Academic Press.
3. Federn, P. (1953). Ego Psychology and the Psychoses. NY: Basic Books.
4. Fromm-Reichmann, F. (1959). Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. Univ. of Chicago
Press: Chicago & London.
5. Frosch, J. (1983). The Psychotic Process. New York: IUP.
6. Marcus, E.R. (2002). Psychosis and Near Psychosis: Ego Functions, Symbol
Structure, Treatment. Madison, CT: IUP.
7. Pao, Ping-Nie .(1979). Schizophrenic Disorders. NY: IUP.
8. Robbins, M. (1996). Experiences of Schizophrenia. New York: Guilford Press.
9. Searles, H.F. (1965). Collected Papers on Schizophrenia and Related Subjects. NY:
IUP.
10. Sullivan, H.S. (1962). Schizophrenia as a Human Process. NY: Norton.
11. Volkan, V.D. & Akhtar, S. (Eds.) (1997). The Seed of Madness: Constitution,
Environment and Fantasy in the Organization of the Psychotic Core. Madison, CT:
IUP.

VII. Gender & Sexuality
1. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1970). Female Sexuality. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan
Press.
2. Isay, R.A. (1989). Being Homosexual. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.
3. Olesker, W. (1990). Sex differences during the early separation-individuation
process: Implications for gender identity formation. JAPA, 38, 325-346.
4. Roiphe, H. & Galenson, E. (1981). Infantile Origins of Sexual Identity. New York:
IUP.
5. Schuker, E. & Levinson, N.A.(1991). Female Psychology: An Annotated
Psychoanalytic Bibliography. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
16
6. Tyson, P. (1982). A developmental line of gender identity, gender role, and choice of
love object. JAPA, 36, Supp., 59-84.

VIII. Family, Group & Community
1. Bion, W.R. (1961). Experiences in Groups. New York: Basic Books.
2. Holmes, D.E. (1992). Race and transference in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy.
IUP, 73, 1-11.
3. Freud, S. (1921). Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. SE V. XVIII.
London: The Hogarth Press.
4. Kernberg, O.F. (1998). Ideology, Conflict, and Leadership in Groups and
Organizations. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
5. Leary, K. (1997). Race, self-disclosure, and “forbidden talk.” Race and ethnicity in
contemporary clinical practice. PQ, 66, 163-189.
6. Lidz, T. (1992). The Relevance of the Family to Psychoanalytic Theory. Madison,
Ct: IUP.
7. Osofsky, J. (Ed.) (1997). Children in a Violent Society. New York: Guilford Press.
8. Person, E.S. (Ed.) (2001). On Freud’s “Group Psychology and the Analysis of the
Ego.” Hillsdale, NJ & London: The Analytic Press.

IX. Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience
A. Emotions
1. Clyman, R.B. (1991). The Procedural Organization of Emotions: A Contribution
from Cognitive Science to the Psychoanalytic Theory of Therapeutic Action. JAPA,
39, 349-382. (Supp.).
2. Schachter, S. & Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of
emotional states. Psychological Review, 69, 379-399.
B. Cognition: Memory, Perception and Learning
1. Bartlett, F.C. (1964). Remembering. Cambridge University Press.
2. Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). Memory. NY: Dover (1964).
3. Fodor, J.A. & Pylyshyn, Z.W. (1988). Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A
critical analysis. Cognition, 28, 3-71.
4. Haber, R.N. (1966). Nature of the effect of set on perception. Psych Review, 73,
335-351.
5. Loftus, E.F. (1993). The reality of repressed memories. American Psychologist, 48.
518-527.
6. Posner, M.I. (1989). Foundations of Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
7. Schachter, D.L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Jrnl of
Experimental Psych.: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 501-518.
8. Shepard, R.N. (1978). The mental image. American Psychologist, 33, 125-137.
17
9. Tulving, E. (1985). How Many Memory Systems Are There? American
Psychologist, 40, 385-398.
10. Tulving, E. (1989). Remembering and Knowing the Past. American Scientist, 77,
361-367.

C. The Unconcscious
1. Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and the psycho-dynamic unconscious.
American Psychologist, 49, 709-724.
2. Kihlstrom, J.F. (1987). The Cognitive Unconscious. Science, 237, 1445-1452.
3. Pally, R. & Olds, D.D. (1998). Consciousness: a neuroscience perspective. IJP, 79,
971-989.
4. Westen, D. (1999). The scientific status of unconscious processes: Is Freud really
dead? JAPA, 47, 1061-1106.

D. Cognitive Models: Representation
1. Bucci, W. (1997). Psychoanalysis and Cognitive Science: A Multiple Code Theory.
NY: Guildford Press.
2. Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Jrnl
of Psychology, 45, 255-287.
3. Westen, D. & Gabbard, G.O. (2002). Developments in cognitive neurosciences:
1. Conflict, compromise and connectionism. JAPA, 50, 53-98.

X. Philosophy of Science and Hermeneutics

1. Anderson, C.A. & Gunderson, K. (Eds). (1991). Paul E. Meehl: Selected Philosophical
and Methodological Papers. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minn. Press.
2. Bertanlanffy, L. von. (1964). The theory of open systems in physics and psychology.
Science, III, 23-29.
3. Brook, A. (1995). Explanation in the hermeneutic science. IJP, 76, 519-532.
4. Fodor, J.A. (1981). Representations: Philosophical essays on the foundations of
Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
5. Grunebaum, A. (1984). The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique.
Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
6. Grunebaum, A. (1990). “Meaning” connections and causal connections in the human
sciences: the poverty of hermeneutic philosophy. JAPA, 38, 559-577.
7. Hilgard, E.R. (1962). The scientific status of psychoanalysis. In E. Nagel, P. Suppes, A.
Tarski, (Eds.). Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Stanford: Stan. Univ.
Press.
8. Kuhn, T.S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. The University of Chicago
Press: Chicago.
9. Moran, M. (1951). Chaos theory and psychoanalysis: the fluidic nature of the mind.
IRP, 18, 211-221.
10. Polanyi, M. (1962). Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-critical Philosophy. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
18
11. Popper, K.R. (1972). Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
12. Ricoeur, P. (1978). The question of proof in Freud’s psychoanalytic writings. JAPA,
25, 835-871.
13. Rubinstein, B. (1980). The problem of confirmation in clinical psychoanalysis. JAPA,
28, 397-417.
14. Spence, D.P. (1976). Clinical Interpretation: Some Comments on the Nature of
Evidence. Psychoanalysis & Contemporary Science, 5, 367-388.
15. Spence, D.P. (1982). Narrative Truth and Historical Truth: Meaning and Interpretation
in Psychoanalysis. New York: Norton.

XI. Research
A. Methodology

1. Blatt, S.J. & Lerner, H. (1983). The psychological assessment of object
representation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, (1), 7-28.
2. Campbell, D.T. and Fiske, D.W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by
the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105.
3. Cook, T.D. & Campbell, D.T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation. Rand McNally.
4. Cronbach, L.J. & Meehl, P. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests.
Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281-302.
5. Cronbach, L.J. (1957). The two disciplines of scientific psychology. American
Psychologist, 7, 173-196.
6. Jackson, D.N. (1971). The dynamics of structured personality tests. Psychological
Review, 78, 229-248.
7. Messick, S. (1995). Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences
from persons’ responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning.
American Psychologist, 50, 741-749.
8. Nisbett, R. & Wilson, T. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on
mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259.
9. Perry, J.C. (1992). Problems and considerations in the valid assessment of
personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1645-1653.
10. Stricker, G. & Healey, B.J. (1990). Projective assessment of object relations: A
review of the empirical literature. Psychological Assessment, 2(3), 219-230.
11. Westen, D. (1997). Divergences between clinical and research methods for assessing
personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, (7), 895-903.

B. Studies
1. Blatt, S.J. & Auerbach, J.S. (2001). Mental representation, severe
psychopathology, and the therapeutic process. JAPA, 49, 113-159.
2. Blatt, S.J. & Ford, R.Q. (1994). Therapeutic Change: An Object Relations
Perspective, NY: Plenum Press.
3. Bornstein, R.F. (1993). Parental representations and psychopathology: A critical
review of the empirical literature. In J.M. Masling & R.F. Borsnstein (Eds.)
19
Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
4. Fonagy, P., Steele, G. & Steele, M. (1991). Maternal representations of attachment
during pregnancy predict infant-mother attachment patterns at one year. Child
Development, 62, 891-905.
5. Fonagy, P, Steele, M., Moran, G., Steele, H., & Higgitt, A. (1993). Measuring the
ghost in the nursery: An empirical study of the relation between parents’ mental
representations of childhood experiences and their infants’ security of attachment.
JAPA, 41, 957-989.
6. Fonagy, P. Kachele, H., Krause, R., Jones, E. Perron, R. (1999). An Open Door
Review of Outcome Studies in Psychoanalysis. London: Univ. College London.
7. Kantrowitz, J.L., Katz A.L. Paolitto, F. (1990). Followup of psychoanalysis five to
ten years after termination: I. Stability of change, II. Development of the selfanalytic
function, III. The relation between the resolution of the transference and
the patient-analyst match. JAPA, 38, 471-496; 637-654; 655-678.
8. Kantrowitz, J.L. (1993). Outcome research in psychoanalysis: Review and
reconsideration. JAPA, 44, Supp. 313-320.
9. Luborsky, L. & Crits-Christoph, P. (1998). Understanding Transference.
Washington DC: American Psychological Association Press.
10. Shapiro, T. & Emde, R.N. (1993). Research in Psychoanalysis: Process,
Development, Outcome. Madison, CT: IUP.
11. Weiss, J. & Sampson, H. (1986). Testing alternative psychoanalytic explanations
of the therapeutic process. In J. Masling (Ed.) Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic
Theories. Vol. II. Analytic Free Press.
12. Westen, D. (1990). Towards a revised theory of borderline object relations:
Contributions of empirical research. IJP, 71, 661-693.

APPENDIX A
20
Freud, S. (1893). Studies on Hysteria. Standard Edition V. II. Ch. 1, 1-19; Ch. IV, 253-305.
Freud, S. (1900). The Interpretation of Dreams. SE V. V. Ch. VII, 509-621.
Freud, S. (1905). Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. SE VII, Ch I, 155-173;
Ch II, 176-206; Ch III, 207-243.
Freud, S. (1914). On Narcissism : An Introduction. SE XIV, 73-102.
Freud, S. (1915). Mourning and Melancholia. SE VXIV. 243-258.
Freud, S. (1920). Beyond the Pleasure Principle. SE XVIII. 7-64.
Freud, S. (1923). The Ego and the Id. SE VXIX. 12-59.
Freud, S. (1925). Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety. SE XX. 87-174.
APPENDIX B
21
Abbreviated biography
Arlow, J. (1969). Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of conscious experience. PQ, 38, 1-27.
Feldman, M. & Spillius, E.B. (1989). Psychic Equilibrium and Psychic Change: Selected Papers
of Betty Joseph. London & New York: Routledge.
Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Moran, G. Steele, H., & Higgitt, A. (1993). Measuring the ghost in the nursery:
An empirical study of the relation between parents” mental representations of childhood experiences
and their infants’ security of attachment. JAPA, 41, 957-989.
Gay, P. (1988). Freud: A Life for Our Times. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
Kernberg, O.F. (1970). A Psychoanalytic Classification of Character Pathology. JAPA, 18, 800-822.
King, P. & Steiner, R. (Eds.) (1991). The Freud-Klein Controversies 1941-1945. London: Routledge.
Klein, M. (1957). Envy and Gratitude. In Envy and Gratitude. NY: The Free Press. 1975. Pp.176-235.
Kohut, H & Wolf, E. (1978). The disorders of the self and their treatment: An outline. IJP, 59, 413-425.
Moore, B.E. & Fine, B.D. (1990). Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts. American Psychoanalytic
Association.
Sandler, J., Holder, A., Dare, C. & Dreher, A.H. (1999). Freud’s Models of the Mind: An Introduction.
New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
Sandler, J. & Sandler, A-M. (1994). The past unconscious and the present unconscious. PSoCh, 49,
278-292.
Schafer, R. (1983). The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books.
Simon, B. (1991). Is the Oedipus complex still the cornerstone of psychoanalysis? JAPA, 39, 641-668.
Tyson, P. (2002). The challenges of psychoanalytic developmental theory. JAPA, 50, 19-52.
Wallerstein, R.S. (2002). The growth and transformation of American ego psychology. JAPA, 50,
135-169.
Westen, D. (1999). The scientific status of unconscious processes: Is Freud really dead? JAPA, 47,
1061-1106.