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Techniques Syllabus, Fall 2003-Spring 2004 Page 1 PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY STUDY CENTER OF NORTH CAROLINA Advanced Curriculum, Year One Course Outline for the ¡°Mostly Techniques¡± Fall, 2003 - Spring, 2004 (Course Coordinator: Rebecca Goz, PhD) [Note: The following schedule is subject to revision and will be added to as the year progresses. Please note Core Readings for the entire Techniques Course on p. 2 -- R.G..] First Semester, Unit One: ¡°Introduction¡± Instructor: Rebecca Goz, PhD September 3, 10, 17, 24; October 1, 8 (Note from R. Goz: The first six classes constitute an Introduction and Orientation to the Techniques course. During this time, we will address the following issues: A. General philosophy of AMostly Techniques@ course, expectations of faculty, expectations of students, preparation of case material for class presentations (confidentiality, purpose of presentation, benefits of presentation of material and how it may be utilized by class members and presenters), relationship of AMostly Techniques@ and AMostly Theory@ courses to each other. B. What is psychoanalytic psychotherapy? What may be expected of the therapist? of the patient? Who is suitable for treatment? Early historical development of psychoanalytic technique, beginning the treatment, the creation of a safe therapeutic environment, therapeutic alliance, the development of an analytic attitude, ¡°psychoanalytic participation¡±, i.e. abstinence, neutrality, and therapist¡¯s use of him/her self. Readings: Sept. 3: 1. Greenson, Ralph (1967) Chapter 1: Survey of Basic Concepts: The historical development of psychoanalytic therapy. pp. 7-15. In: Greenson, R. The Technique and Practice of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 1. New York: IUP. 2. Eagle and Wolitzky (1992) Psychoanalytic theories of psychotherapy. pp. 109-158. In: Freedheim, Donald K., ed. History of Psychotherapy. Washington, DC: Amer. Psychological Association, 1992. (Read as much or as little of this as you like, but do read some of it to get a glimpse into the history of psychoanalysis, paying particular attention to the implications for treatment of each of the theoretical orientations. -- R.G.) Sept 10: 1. Schafer, Roy (1983) Chapter 1: The analytic attitude: An introduction. In: R. Schafer. The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books, pp. 3-13. Sept. 17: 1. Schafer, R. (1983) Chapter 2: The atmosphere of safety: Freud=s >Papers on Technique=(1911-1915). In: The Analytic Attitude, pp. 14-33. Techniques Syllabus, Fall 2003-Spring 2004 Page 2 Sept. 24: 1. Schafer, R. (1983) Chapter 3: The psychoanalyst=s empathic activity. In: The Analytic Attitude, pp. 34-57. 2. Schafer, R. (1983) Chapter 4: Appreciation in the analytic attitude. In: The Analytic Attitude, pp. 58-65. Oct. 1: 1. Almond, R. (1999) The patient=s part in the analytic process: the influence of the analyst=s expectations. JAPA, 47, 519 -541. Oct. 8: Psychoanalytic Participation: Older ideas and contemporary views 1. Schachter, J (1994) Abstinence and neutrality: development and diverse views. IJP, 75, 709-720. 2. Levine, H.B. (1994) The analyst¡¯s participation in the analytic process. IJP, 75, 665-676. Core Readings for Techniques Course (Multiple readings are likely to come from these books. The texts marked ** are ones that you may wish to purchase.--RG) Freud, S. Papers on Technique Vol. XII, Standard Edition, (1958). London: Hogarth. (Page numbers refer to this publication. Other publications may be used.) (1912) Recommendations to physicians practicing psychoanalysis. S.E. 12, 109-120. (1913) On beginning the treatment. S.E. 12, 121-144. (1914) Remembering, repeating, and working through. S.E. 12, 145-156. Gill, Merton. (1982) Analysis of Transference, Vol. I. Theory and Technique and Vol. II Studies of Nine Audio Recorded Psychoanalytic Sessions. New York: IUP. **Greenson, Ralph. (1967) The Technique and Practice of Psychoanalysis, Vol. I. New York: IUP. **Mitchell, Stephen & Black, Margaret (1995) Freud and beyond: a history of modern psychoanalytic thought. New York: Basic Books Pine, Fred. (1988) The four psychologies of psychoanalysis and their place in clinical work. JAPA ,36, 591-596. **Schafer, Roy. (1983) The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books. Additional Suggested Readings **Brenner, C. (1955) An Elementary Textbook of Psychoanalysis. New York: Doubleday. Ellman, Steven J. (1991) Freud=s Technique Papers: A Contemporary Perspective. New Jersey: Jason Aronson. Langs, Robert. (1973) The Technique of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. Vols. I and II. New York: Jason Aronson. Pine, Fred. (1990) Drive, Ego, Object & Self. New York: Basic Books. Sullivan, Harry Stack. (1954) The Psychiatric Interview. New York: Norton. (paper) Techniques Syllabus, Fall 2003-Spring 2004 Page 3 First Semester, Unit Two: ¡°Assessment¡± Instructor: Ernest Braasch, MD Oct. 15, 22, 29; Nov 5 Oct. 15: Developmental Lines in Understanding our Patients 1. Robbins, F. & Schlessinger, N. (1974) Assessment and Follow-up in Psychoanalysis. JAPA 22:542-567. Oct. 22: Conflict Theory in Understanding our Patients 1. Brenner, C. (1979) The components of psychic conflict and its consequences in mental life. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 48:547-567. Oct. 29: Study of a Specific Developmental Line 1. Silverman, M. (1986) The male super-ego. Psychoanalytic Review 73:427-444. 2. Zetzel, E. (1968) The so-called good hysteric. IJP 49:256-260. Nov. 5 Differentiating Neurosis from Character Disorder 1. Reich, W. (1928) On character analysis. In: Fleiss, R. (1973) The Psychoanalytic Reader. New York: IUP, pp. 106-123. First Semester, Unit Three, Defenses Instructor: Jay Williams, PhD, LCSW Nov. 12, 19; Dec. 3, 10; Jan. 14, 21, 2004 Nov. 12 This session will focus on the historical development of the concept of defense. It will begin with a review of Freud=s early topographical conception of defense or repression as opposing dammed up libido pressing for release into consciousness. It will then address the formulation of the dynamic theory (The Ego and the Id, 1923) in which defense was understood as an ego function mediating the demands of the id and the environment. Freud=s Asecond theory of anxiety@ (Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety, 1926) will be discussed regarding the role of anxiety in signaling the ego to employ defense mechanisms. Finally, Anna Freud=s The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936) will be discussed. Three points will be emphasized: 1. the historical importance of this work, along with that of Hartmann, Kris, Loewenstein and others in elaborating the adaptive functions of the ego, among which are the defenses; 2. the definitions of the various defense mechanisms; and 3. the shift in the focus of analysis to include analysis of the defensive operations of the ego as well as drive conflicts. Reading: 1. Willick, M.S. (1995) Defense, in Moore, B, & Fine, B. (Eds.) Psychoanalysis: the major concepts. New haven: Yale University Press, 485-493. 2. Freud, A. (1936 & 1966) The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. In: The Writings of Anna Freud, Vol. II. New York: IUP. Part I, pp. 3-65. Techniques Syllabus, Fall 2003-Spring 2004 Page 4 Nov. 19 This session will focus on the practice of defense analysis as described in Parts II-IV of The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. Anna Freud=s case illustrations will be discussed. Reading: 1. Freud, A. The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. Parts II-IV, pp. 69-176. HOLIDAY BREAK Dec. 3 Resistance and defense are related concepts in that defenses manifest in treatment as various forms of resistance to the work. This session will emphasize the attitude that resistance should not be regarded as an obstacle but as a compromise formation which is itself the focus of analytic attention. Schafer=s chapter will be discussed. Reading: 1. Schafer, R. (1983) The analysis of resisting. Chapter 10, pp. 162-182, in: The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books, pp. 162-182. Dec. 10: This session will focus on technical aspects of the analysis of resistance Particular emphasis will be paid to analysis of the defense mechanisms employed in service of resistance. Greenson=s technically rich and clear chapter on resistance will be discussed. Reading: 1. Greenson, R. (1967) The Technique and Practice of Psychoanalysis, Vol. I. New York: IUP. Chapter CC: Resistance. pp. 59-150. HOLIDAY BREAK Jan. 14, 2004 This session focuses on broadening the concept of defense beyond the defense mechanisms. It illustrates that any content the patient introduces can serve to defend against awareness of something else. The Inderbitzin and Levy article illustrates a common example: the reporting of events outside the therapy hour to defend against awareness of aspects of the immediate interaction with the therapist. Reading: 1. Inderbitzen, L. & Levy, S. (1994) On grist for the mill: External reality as defense. JAPA 42, GC: 763-788. Jan. 21 This session continues the focus on broadening the concept of defense beyond defense mechanisms. The Gray article focuses on material one would not usually think of as defensive: the reporting of a dream. The article illustrates the reporting of a dream as a means of defending against awareness of aspects of the immediate interaction with the therapist. Reading: 1. Gray, P. (1992) Memory as resistance and the telling of a dream. JAPA 40, CC: 307- 326. Also in: Gray, P. (1994) The Ego and Analysis of Defense. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc., pp. 151-170. Techniques Syllabus, Fall 2003-Spring 2004 Page 5 **************************************************************************** Transference Instructor: Margaret Wilner, LCSW Jan. 28; Feb. 4, 11, 18; Mar. 3, 10, 2004 TRANSFERENCE: The purpose of this unit is to consider an historical overview of the development of transference theory including contemporary views. Questions that we may want to consider are: why it is important that we concern ourselves with such a concept; how to recognize it in clinical practice and what techniques are applicable as we try to understand it in order to help our patients understand themselves? Since a seminar format will be used, class participation is strongly encouraged. Some clinical material could be included in order to look at techniques as they are applied in our work. Optional Reading for Unit on Transference Greenson, R. (1967) Chapter Three: Transference. In: the Technique and Practice of Psychoanalysis, Vol. I, pp. 151-357. New York: IUP. Jan. 28, 2004 6:45-8:00 pm 1. Freud, S. (1912) The dynamics of the transference. SE, Vol. 12. pp. 99-108. 2. Freud, S. (1914) Remembering, repeating, and working through. SE, Vol. 12. pp. 147-156. 3. Freud, S. (1915) Observations on transference love. SE, Vol. 12. pp. 159-173. Feb. 4, 2004 6:45-8:00 pm 1. Schafer, R. (1977) The interpretation of transference and the conditions for loving. JAPA 25: 335-362. Feb. 11, 2004 8;15-9:30 pm 1. Cooper, A. (1987) Changes in psychoanalytic ideas: Transference interpretation. JAPA 35: 77-98. Feb. 18, 2004 8:15-9:30 pm 1. Person, E. (1985) The erotic transference in men and women: Differences and consequences. J. Amer. Acad. Psa.13 (2): 159-180. Feb. 25, 2004 NO CLASS Mar. 3, 2004 8:15-9:30 pm 1. Poland, W. (1992) Transference: An original creation. Psa. Quarterly 61: 185-205. Mar. 10, 2004 8:15-9:30 pm 1. Bachant, J, & Adler, E. (1997) Transference: co-constructed or brought to the interaction? JAPA, 45, 1097-1120. Techniques Syllabus, Fall 2003-Spring 2004 Page 6 Mar. 17 NO CLASS ___________________________________ Countertransference and Introduction to Projective Identification Instructor: Rebecca Goz, PhD March 24, 31; April 7, 21, 2004 (double sessions) Issues and concepts related to countertransference, including the handling of it by the patient and by the therapist/analyst, have always been, and continue to be, rather sensitive and controversial subjects in psychoanalysis. This unit will center on two main points: (1) countertransference impacts constantly on both patient and therapist, and (2) it may be useful and productive as well as problematic in the analytic work. Questions we will deal with include: What is countertransference? Where does it originate? How? What are the ways that you notice countertransference? How do you handle your countertransference? What signs do you utilize to alert yourself to your countertransference? How and where do you address your countertransference -- only within yourself? with friends and colleagues? with your patients? with your therapist/analyst? with your supervisors? As is the case with most dimensions of psychoanalysis, study of and theories about countertransference continue to evolve. Please Note: 1) The reading assignment for March 24, by Werman, was previously assigned on October 1, 2003, in the Theory Syllabus, so class members should already have that. 2) For this unit on Countertransference and Projective Identification, on an optional basis, I would suggest that you refresh your memories of two papers we read in the Mostly Techniques Syllabus and discussed in the Fall, 2003, as follows: Date October 1, 2003 Almond, R. (1999) The patient¡¯s part in the analytic process.... Date October 8, 2003 Levine, H.B. (1994) The analyst¡¯s participation.... Reading these again will help you to get into the spirit of the topics we will be addressing, and they will also be a nice adjunct to the Transference unit. Readings: March 24 6:45-8:00 pm Historical survey of Countertransference 1. Werman, D.S. (1983) Countertransference. In: Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry, ed. Brodie, K.H., and Cavenar, J.B. Phila: Lippincott, pp. 357-391. 2. Epstein, L. & Feiner, A. (1979) Countertransference: The Therapist's Contributions to Treatment. Contemporary Psa.15:489-513. March 24 8:15-9:30 pm Do you need to like your patient? 1. Winnicott, D.W. (1949). Hate in the Countertransference. IJP30:69-74. Also in Winnicott, ed.: Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis: Collected Papers, pp. 194-203. London: Tavistock, 1958. 2. Greenson, Ralph (1974). Loving, hating, and indifference toward the Patient. Int. Review Psa.1:259-266. Also in Greenson: Explorations in Psychoanalysis, pp. 505-518. New York: IUP, 1978. 3. Searles, H.(1959). Oedipal Love in the Countertransference. IJP 40:180-190. Also in: Searles, H. (1965) Collected Papers on Schizophrenia and Related Subjects. New York: IUP. Techniques Syllabus, Fall 2003-Spring 2004 Page 7 March 31 6:45-8:00 pm Meaning of Countertransference 1. Racker, Heinrich. (1968) Chapter 6 (The Meanings and Uses of Countertransference) in: Transference and Countransference. New York: IUP. (Chapter 6 is also available in: Langs, Robert. Classics in Psychoanalytic Technique. March 31 8:15-9:30 pm Countertransference neurosis 1. Racker, H. (1968) Chapter 5 (The Countertransference Neurosis) in: Transference and Countertransference. New York: IUP. April 7 6:45-8:00 pm Contemporary Views of Interpersonal Schools 1. Hoffman, I. (1983) The patient as interpreter of the analyst=s experience. Contemporary Psychoanalysis 19: 389-422. April 7 8:15-9:30 pm More Contemporary Views 1. Jacobs, T. (1986) On countertransference enactments. JAPA 34: 289-307. 2. Jacobs, T. (1983) The analyst and the patient=s object world: Notes on an aspect of countertransference. JAPA 31: 619-642. April 14 No class April 21 6:45-8:00 pm Splitting and Projective Identification 1. Feldman, M. (1992) Splitting and projective identification. In: Anderson, R. (Ed.) Clinical Lectures on Klein and Bion, pgs 74-88. London/New York: Tavistock/Routledge April 21 8:15-9:30 pm Splitting and Projective Identification in the Flow of Clinical Sessions 1. Spillius, E.B. (1992) Clinical experiences of projective identification. In: Anderson, R. (Ed.) Clinical Lectures on Klein and Bion, pgs 59-73. London/New York: Tavistock/Routledge For classes on April 28 and May 5, please see the Mostly Theory Syllabus Additional Sources on Countertransference 1. (For early concepts of countertransference through @ 1980) See bibliographic references in Werman (above) and in Epstein & Feiner (above), which are rather comprehensive. 2. Langs, R. (1973) The therapist=s reactions to the patient. Chapter 22, in: The Technique of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Vol. 2, pp. 292-376. New York: Jason Aronson. 3. JAPA 34 (1986) Panel on Countertransference. 4. Jacobs, T. (1991) The Use of the Self: Countertransference and Communication in the Analytic Situation. Madison, CT: IUP. (This volume also contains the two Jacobs papers assigned above.) 5. Various articles in the journals Contemporary Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Dialogues. |
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